Beyond Ozempic: New Obesity Drugs Could Be Cheaper and Even More Effective

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Two new drugs for treating obesity are on course to become available in the next few years — and they offer advantages beyond those of the highly effective blockbuster drugs already on the market. The first, called orforglipron, is easier to use and to produce, and it will probably be cheaper than existing treatments.

The second, retatrutide, has an unprecedented level of efficacy, and could raise the bar for pharmacological obesity treatment. "They're both breakthroughs," says endocrinologist Daniel Drucker at the University of Toronto in Canada, who was not involved in the recent research on either drug.

Results from phase II clinical trials of both drugs were announced at a meeting of the American Diabetes Association this month and in the New England Journal of Medicine. Phase II trials provide data on a drug's efficacy and ideal dosage in a small group of participants....Continue reading....

By: Saima Sidik, Nature magazine

Source: Beyond Ozempic: New Obesity Drugs Could Be Cheaper and Even More Effective | Scientific American

Critics:

Dietary supplements, foodstuffs, or programs for weight loss are heavily promoted through advertisements in print, on television, and on the internet. The US Food and Drug Administration recommends caution with use of these products, since many of the claims of safety and effectiveness are unsubstantiated, and many of the studies purporting to demonstrate their effectiveness are funded by the manufactures and suffer a high degree of bias.

Individuals with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, and some athletes, try to control body weight with diet pills, laxatives, or diuretic medications, although the latter two generally have no impact on body fat and only cause short-lived weight-loss through dehydration. Both diuretics and laxatives can cause electrolyte abnormalities which may cause cognitive, heart, and muscle problems, and can be fatal.

Canadian clinical practice 2006 guidelines state that there is insufficient evidence to recommend in favor of or against using herbal medicine, dietary supplements or homeopathy against obesity. Some botanical supplements include high dosages of compounds found in plants with stimulant effects including yohimbine and higenamine.

Caffeine, coffee and green tea can suppress appetite (the hormone ghrelin) and decrease caloric intake (food consumption). It can also cause beneficial changes in fat metabolism or lipolytic actions. According to a review, habitual intake of 3 to 4 cups of coffee appears to be safe and to be associated with the most robust beneficial effects.

Thermogenic actions and, in the case of the caffeinated drink mate (yerba maté), prolonged gastric emptying time may also play a role. Some anti-obesity medications can have severe, even, lethal side effects, fen-phen being a famous example. Fen-phen was reported through the FDA to cause abnormal echocardiograms, heart valve problems, and rare valvular diseases.

One of, if not the first, to sound alarms was Sir Arthur MacNalty, Chief Medical Officer (United Kingdom). As early as the 1930s, he warned against the use of 2,4-Dinitrophenol as an anti-obesity medication and the injudicious and/or medically unsupervised use of thyroid hormone to achieve weight reduction. The side effects are often associated with the medication's mechanism of action.

In general, stimulants carry a risk of high blood pressure, faster heart rate, palpitations, closed-angle glaucoma, drug addiction, restlessness, agitation, and insomnia. Another medication, orlistat, blocks absorption of dietary fats, and as a result may cause oily spotting bowel movements (steatorrhea), oily stools, stomach pain, and flatulence.

A similar medication designed for patients with Type 2 diabetes is Acarbose; which partially blocks absorption of carbohydrates in the small intestine, and produces similar side effects including stomach pain and flatulence...

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